1. Cryosurgical Ablation (CSA):
Cryosurgery is an important ablation technique for tumors. Destroy tumors by cycles of freezing and thawing. The destructive effects of cryosurgery on tumors are due to two main mechanism, one immediate and one delayed. The immediate mechanism is the harmful effect of freezing and thawing cells. The delayed mechanism is the progressive failure of the microcirculation; Finally, vascular stasis becomes operative as an important cause of tumor tissue destruction. Once the temperature drops below -40oC, ice crystals can form inside the cells. Once it occurs, cell death is almost certain. During cryosurgery, a progressive failure of the microcirculation occurs due to a cascade of events: destruction of the endothelial layer that causes the walls of the vessels to become porous, interstitial edema, platelet aggregation, microtrombos and, ultimately, congestion and vascular obliteration. It was theorized that during cryosurgery, the host's immune system was sensitized to the tumor destroyed by cryosurgery. Any primary tumor tissue not damaged by cryosurgery and metastases were destroyed by the immune system after cryosurgery. This response was called "cryoimmune response".
2. Seed Knife Therapy (Brachytherapy)
Seed Knife Therapy "Brachytherapy" is used for the treatment of breast cancer, the implantation of seeds with iodine 125 or palladium 103 seeds (brachytherapy) is a highly effective treatment for cancer patients. Brachytherapy does not require a surgical incision, offers patients a shorter recovery time and is less likely to cause problematic side effects. For example, for prostate cancer, Brachytherapy is an outpatient procedure and most patient go home the same day as their treatment. They can also return to normal activities a few days after treatment. Seed implantation takes only 40 minutes to 1 hour. Seed implantation with iodine-125 seeds provides a lower radiation dose rate than palladium-103. Because iodine-125 work in your body for longer than palladium-103, it is ideal for treating slow-growing tumors like most prostate cancers. The 125 iodine seeds, which have a half-life of 59 days, release a short cycle of gamma rays. Seeds implanted in cancerous masses and nearby tissues radiate specific cells and eventually destroy cancer. This avoids unnecessarily exposing the entire body to radiation.
3. Percutaneous ablation
Thermal injury to cells begins at 42? Only 8 minutes at 46? Is it needed to kill malignant cells, and 51? It can be lethal after only 2 minutes. At temperatures above 60? Intracellular proteins are rapidly denatured (killed), cell membranes are destroyed by dissolving and melting lipid bilayers, and finally, cell death is inevitable. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a new technique to treat tumors located in certain organs. A needle electrode is advanced towards the target tumors through a percutaneous, laparoscopic or open route (operation). RF energy causes the tissue around the tip of the probe to warm to a high temperature above which the cells break and die. For the eradication of all cancer cells, the goal is to place the probes so that they destroy the entire tumor plus an adequate "edge" of non-cancerous tissue around it.
4. Combined immunotherapy
Immunotherapy, also known as CIC combined immunotherapy for cancer, has increasingly become the focus of attention for cancer researchers. The last 10 years have seen a greater understanding of immuno-surveillance and appreciation of the mechanisms by which tumors escape their attention. This has led to the development of promising new cancer strategies, such as immunotherapy, which focuses on increasing the body's natural immune functions against cancer cells.
5. Targeted chemotherapy
Targeted chemotherapy may be an alternative, since it leaves a minimal side effect compared to traditional chemotherapy. Targeted therapies are medications or other substances designed to block the growth and spread of cancer by preventing cancer cells from dividing or destroying them directly. While standard chemotherapy affect all cells in the body, targeted therapy directs medications or other specially created substances (for example, immune system proteins developed in the laboratory) to attack cancer cells. The goal of targeted therapy is to interfere with genes or proteins involve in tumor growth to block the spread of the disease.
By targeting specific molecule that are responsible for the growth, progression and spread of cancer, targeted therapy differs from standard chemotherapy, which attacks the disease systemically and, therefore, also damages healthy cells. Because targeted therapy specifically looks for cancer cells, it is designed to reduce damage to healthy cells, which can cause fewer side effects than standard chemotherapy.
Targeted therapies serve as the basis of precision medicine, which uses information about a tumor's DNA profile to identify additional treatment options. Personalized treatments address the abnormalities that can be found in the DNA profile of each tumor. This innovation marks a shift from traditional treatments designed for the average patient, towards more precise therapies.
Targeted therapy is an evolving science, and not all types of cancer can be treated with specific medications. The US Food and Drug Administration. UU. He has approved several targeted therapies for use in cancer treatment, including hormonal therapies, signal transduction inhibitors, apoptosis inducers, gene expression modulators, angiogenesis inhibitors and administration molecules of toxins
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